The+Age+of+Exploration!

​ The Age of Exploration...Chapter 2

Focus: Began with the travels east into Asia and then the unique journey by Columbus across the Atlantic in search of a western route to Asia- all of this covered in Chapter 1. Obviously, we know all too well that Columbus stumbled upon something totally different than what he thought: The New World. As Columbus claimed these lands for the monarchy of Spain, he was unable to bring back to the royal court any evidence of the great riches that Ferdinand and Isabella expected. Thus, he was deemed a failure of sorts...the question is...were the doubters too quick to judge poor Columbus? Would the New World in a few short decades bring vast wealth for Spain and other European countries that followed its lead across the Atlantic? Let us study Chapter 2 and find out!



__Introduction to the Chapter__- Chpater 2 is about the age of exploration. In this chapter you will learn about Spain claiming an empire. [|In 1521 cortez conquered the Aztec empire.] He did this to try and expand the spanish empire. In 1565 it explains how [|the spanish found St. Augustin], and then later named it St. Augustine after St. Augustine of Hippo. In 1577 [|Sir Francis Drake began a three year voyage around the world], during which he stole great amounts of treasure. In 1578 his men began to suffer due to poor diet, but when they passed Tierra del Fuego, the natives confronted them and brought them food and water. [|In 1680 Pope lead a revolt] to drive out the Spanish from New Mexico, to gain control of the land. Later on in the 1700's [|almost all of the American colonies of European countries had slaves]. Most of the slaves were African American and almost 12 million were taken form Africa. This was called the African Diaspora. Inbetween these events many different events happened in the world such as the [|Treaty of Tordesillas.]
 * __//Section 1//: Spain Claims an Empire__**


 * Terms to know:** __Treaty of Tordesillas__, Missionaries, Mercantilism, Amerigo Vespucci, conquistadors, Hernando Cortes, Montezuma, Francisco Pizarro


 * Guided Questions:**
 * 1.** Why did the Aztecs decide not to attack the Spanish when they came to invade?


 * 2.** How would mercantislism help a country's economy?


 * 3.** Name the four reasons by which the Spanish success can be explained.
 * 4. ** Having conquered the major empires in Central America, the Spanish began to explore what else?


 * Answers:**


 * 1.** The Aztecs believed Cortes was a god; therefore, they didn't attack or defend themselves. Cortes wiped out the Aztecs.


 * 2**. When your country's exports are worth a higher value than other countries' goods, you have a position of power over the other countries in trade.


 * 3**. Disease took out the natives, their weapons were more advanced, alliances with tribes helped them gain more numbers over their enemies, and they acted without mercy to anyone.

//Section 2//: European Competition in North America
 * 4**. They explored North and South America and they searched for the city of gold.

__//Section 3//: The Spanish and Native Americans __


Key Terms: [|viceroyalty] [|encomienda] [|hacienda] [|mission] [|Pope] [|plantation] [|Bartolome de Las Casas] [|Columbian exchange] = this is an image of a sugar plantation = =__ Facts to Know __  =

-By 1700, the Spanish Empire controlled most of America. -They divided this land into Peru and New Spain. -The Spanish people built roads for trade and transportation, which strengthened their economy. ** Life in Spanish America ** -The Spanish colonists received an ecomienda. They then created haceindas. -The Spaniards made sure that the power was given to Spanish people. ** The Role of the Church ** -The important Catholic Church built missions to spread their religion. -These missions increased Spain's control. -The Native American's got very mad and rebelled. -Pope rebelled, too. The colonists fled and the natives tried to revive their culture. -In 1692, Spain took control of Santa Fe again. Sugar Plantations Develop **​ -The Spanish forced people to work on plantations. -Sugar, the main crop's, development increased. -In 1493, Columbus brought sugar to Hispaniola. -The Taino soon died from the hard plantation work. ** The Abuse of Native Americans ** -Bartolome de Las Casas received an ecomienda for his work against the Native Americans. -He later decided to help the Indians, and got the name, "Protector of the Indians." -In 1542, the Spanish king issued New Laws that were strongly protested. -He started the revolt against the Spanish. -The Spanish movement in America was good and bad. -They brought diseases that killed 20 million Native Americans. -The new crops brought over fed the population.
 * Spanish Colonies in the Americas**
 * The Columbian Exchange**

//Section 4//: Beginnings of Slavery in the Americas** Key Terms: · Slavery – the practice of holding a person in bondage for labor · African Diaspora – the forced removal of people from Africa · Middle passage – The voyage from Africa to the Americas · Slave codes – laws to regulate the treatment of slaves · Racism – the belief that some people are inferior because of their race The Origins of American Slavery: · Slavery was established in the 1600s · People were enslaved when they were captured in battle or sold to pay off debts · An increase of slaves happened when Portugal and Spain set up sugar plantations · Europeans enslaved Africans for 4 basic reasons o Africans were immune to most European diseases o Africans had nobody to help them resist or escape <span style="color: #ff3399; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Africans provided a permanent source of cheap labor <span style="color: #ff3399; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o Many Africans had already worked on farms The Slave Trade <span style="color: #cc00ff; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· A Spanish official thought that “the black slave is the basis of the hacienda and the source of all wealth which this realm produces <span style="color: #cc00ff; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Local kings traded slaves for goods such as textiles, ironware, wine, and guns <span style="color: #cc00ff; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Slave trade made coastal kingdoms rich, but weakened African societies The Middle Passage <span style="color: #cc00ff; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Triangular trade refers to the movement of trade ships between Europe, Africa and the Americas. <span style="color: #cc00ff; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· The middle passage conditions were unbearable. Slavery in the Americas <span style="color: #cc00ff; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Enslaved Africans were sold at auctions <span style="color: #cc00ff; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Slaves resisted slavery by running away, and forming communities <span style="color: #cc00ff; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· Africans brought a vast knowledge about farming and animals