The+Pre-Columbian+Era


 * Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal**

This portion of our study covers Chapter One of the textbook.

__Focus__: Our study of Pre-Columbian history has centered around the theories of human migration to North and South America, the development of Native American cultures in North/MesoAmerica, the advanced civilizations of West Aftrica, the period of time between the fall of Rome (A.D. 476) and the Renaissance, and the new adventurous spirit fostered in European explorers.

__The following are lists of terms and guiding questions for review__:


 * Section 1**- theory, migration, Bering Land Bridge, irrigation, agriculture, culture, civilization, artifacts, archaeology.

GQ1: How do the terms "theory" and "migration" connect? GQ2: What was the impact of agriculture in early civilizations? GQ3: How were early civilizations of Mesoamerica advanced?


 * Section 2**- technology, tundra, matrilineal, slash and burn agriculture.

GQ1: How did environment impact the development of technology, religion and economy for Native Americans? GQ2: Which Native American cultures were focused upon agriculture? How did agriculture play a role in these cultures? GQ3: Why did hunting and gathering play a role in some Native American cultures?


 * Section 3**- Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Benin, Muslim/Islam, salt, gold, Mansa Musa, Sunni Ali, Hausa, Yoruba, Sahara Desert, Portugal, slaves.

GQ1: What elements make Africa a diverse continent? GQ2: How did trade influence the societies of West Africa? GQ3: Why did religion play such an important role in the development of these societies? GQ4: What led Africans to connect to Europe?


 * Section 4**- Middle Ages, feudalism, manor system, serfs, Black Death, Renaissance, printing press, spices, Marco Polo, Italy, merchants, Holy Land, Crusades.

GQ1: Why was the time period after the fall of Rome a step backward for Europe? GQ2: What did the Black Death do to Europe? GQ3: How did the Crusades show Europe the world beyond their horizon? GQ4: What influence did the Renaissance have on the re-creation of Europe?


 * Section 5**- Prince Henry the Navigator, caravel, Bartolomeau Dias, Vasco Da Gama, India, Portugal, Spain, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, Christopher Colombus, San Salvador, Taino.

GQ1: Why was Prince Henry an very important person? GQ2: Upon what lands did the Europeans focus their attention? GQ3: How did Columbus think in a very different way? What did his thinking do to the world?

Section 5 In Class Guiding Questions: